·         Hierarchy of Classification                                                     Video - 2

Ø  Various group used in classification are called taxa.

Ø  The arrangement of taxa is called Hierarchy.

§  Domain
       Kingdom
Phylum - Cuvier
                      Class - Linnaeus
           Order
                              Family
                    Genus
                                        Species - John Ray

Ø  Botanists use the term Division instead of Phylum.

Example

      Kingdom – Animalia (animals)
            Phylum – Chordata (Vertebrates)
              Class – Mammalia (Mammals)
                Order – Carnivora (Carnivores)
                     Family – Felidae (Cats)
                        Genus – Panthera (Big Cats)
                           Species – leo

·         System of Classification

Ø  Artificial classification - In Artificial System the organism are classified on the basis of one or few convenient characters. This system of classification was first adopted by Linnaeus.

Ø  Natural System of classification – Natural system of classification is based upon the form and structure of various body parts complexity of organization, Genetic Pattern and natural relationships. Natural system of classification of the plant kingdom was proposed by George Bentham and Joseph Dolton Hooker.

Ø  Phylogenetic system of classification – Phylogenetic system of classification is based upon evolutionary relationship and sues morphological characters, origin and evolution of the different organism. This classification of the plant Kingdom was proposed by Engler and Prantl. This classification was also adopted by Hutchinson.

Ø  Two Kingdom systems – Carolus Linnaius. (Plantae, Animalia).

Ø  Three Kingdom Systems – Ernst Haeckel . (Plantae, Animalia, Protista). 

§  Protista-Protozoa and Algae.

Ø  Four Kingdom systems –  Copeland (Monera, Protista, Plantae, Animalia). 

§  Monera- Bacteria, Blue green Algae. Protista- Protozoa.

Ø  Five Kingdom systems – Whittaker (Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia).